Child Development and Rights Essay

There is little evidence of what it was really like in the past so it is difficult for a lot of people to re-construct the life of a child, however from what I have researched, and in my own opinion I am going to summarise the historical changes in childhood experience and relate these changes to childhood development and rights. In the 19th century I think children missed out on most of their childhood as most of them took on jobs such as chimney sweepers, street sellers and farms for example. These were mainly children from poor families who were seen as extra farm hands and were exploited by receiving low pay for long hours and working in poor conditions. Families did not look at how the children were treated and the possible impact on parts of their development (such as their social skills, health and education). When the government promised all children the same rights in 1989 it helped out a lot of development and gave them a childhood to enjoy. For example; â€Å"The right to be protected from exploitation of labour, drug abuse, sexual exploitation, sale, trafficking and abduction† This meant children now didn’t have to work and had also been given; â€Å"The right to education, training and special needs support where necessary† This improved social skills and social relationships as they where able to mix with other children in school and out of school, instead of having to miss school often or not attend at all because of the long hours and also the parents could not afford to lose their financial contributions. Children’s health was not good and child mortality rate was high, mainly due to overcrowding, poor diet and the poor working conditions which so many workhouse children didn’t live to become adults. These are the children who never recovered from years of chronic malnutrition. â€Å"The right to health and medical services† This gave rights to free healthcare in Britain which originally came out in 1948 (NHS) and a decline in childhood illnesses as children were given vaccines plus child mortality improved. Other parts of the developmental framework such as identity, self-care skills, emotional and behavior is that they never developed them fully as they grew up too fast so they could go to work and look after other siblings. Also from what my grandad has told me, back then they weren’t allowed to express themselves as they would get emotional and physical abuse towards them, so they just carried on with everyday life. They was wealthy families and was a lot easier from them as they had the money to attend a private school or was home-schooled. They were also encouraged to donate money and goods to the poor. Kerry Woolford Even though a legislation was drawn up and improved childhood education, healthcare and welfare, children were and even now in modern society around the world are being taken advantage of for monetary gain. Modern society now especially since 1997 have tried putting children first such as committing to meeting children’s needs. There are still problems such as school truancy, adolescents not in education or training and also child protection as there have been tragic deaths including baby P and Victoria climbie, which her death was largely responsible for the formation of every child matters inactive plus a lot of other changes in different systems, 2. Discuss how family systems are influential in child development processes and include challenges to meeting a child’s needs, such as conflicts and poor parenting practices. Family systems can influence in a child’s development process as the family is on of the main tools for the structure of personality. Parents now days are so inundated with work and/or social relationships that they neglect to spend time with them and fail to communicate with the children and also large number of families consist of any mother and child(ren) because the fathers are absent so it could lead to poor parenting. I’m not saying all single mothers lead to this because I know this from my own experience but according to a study in America in 2006 a broken family structure leads to education difficulty for children, saying; â€Å"when it comes to education achievement, children living with their own married parents do significantly better than other children.† An example of one family that I looked at and found interesting was that both parents were excessive drinkers and argued a lot, the father was also physically abusive and their 2 children could be affected all they way in till they reach adulthood by being angry and never trusting male-female relationships as all they have seen in their parents relationship is a war zone. They have never seen problems resolved constructively, so maybe severely limited in their ability to deal with stressful situations involving the important person in their adult relationships. Challenges in family systems can be hard to meet a child’s needs especially during a divorce. It can be very emotional for children during this time as one parent leaves the house or the child is re-locating, leaving the family home that they have ever known. They can blame themselves, especially if they overhear an argument over something the child has done around the same time of the divorce. The child needs to feel more secure during these changes and it will help to assure them the divorce was by grown up issues, not by anything they have said or done, make sure the child access has to both parents when feeling lonely or need reassuring. Most important take the time to talk with your child, and to spend quality time with them regularly. Kerry Woolford Poor parents practices is the lack of support, monitoring and harsh punishments which are linked with children’s adjustment, development and well-being. When children misbehave some parents use coercive form of discipline (such as spanking) where other parents rely on non-coercive method (such as discussing the consequences of misbehavior). Abusive or neglectful behaviors could cause or have caused serious behavior, cognitive, emotional or mental problems which can lead to substance abuse and crime. Parents that have a great deal in their child’s lives, usually have higher grades, fewer behavior problems, less substance use, better mental health, greater social competence and more positive self-concepts. In conclusion even in the 19th century and in modern society is that children want need is the love from their parents, protection, help and be there for them when there’s a major problem occurs that could disturb the family system.

Is Experience the Best Teacher? Essay

My whole life I’ve been told practice makes perfect. Whether it’s in the tennis court or in math class, the more you practice something, the better you become at it. In the last few years I’ve found out that practicing and doing is not the same thing. Harry Callahan once said, _†experience is the best teacher†_ and without a doubt it is. You can sit five hours taking a business class or 10 hours in a tennis practice but until you go out to the real world and start doing business with other people or play a real tennis tournament you wont _really_ LEARN. When experiencing things we all make mistakes and making mistakes, in the broad scheme of things, is good as long as we learn from them. Through the different experiences I’ve had through tennis, my musical adventures and my business deals, I’ve learned from my errors, picked myself up from the ground, and ultimately grown as a human being. On August 10, 2000 I stepped on to the tennis court for my first tennis lessons. I had previously tried to play the sport but this day I was determined to start a journey in which I could master it. After my first real tennis year, I improved at an incredible pace, and went a summer to the world-renowned Nick Bolletierri Tennis Academy in Bradenton, Florida. At merely 11 years old, I found myself without my family and in an unknown place, but that didn’t stop me from doing what I most loved, playing tennis. After that summer I fell in love with that sport and went the next two summers to Saddlebrook Tennis Academy in Tampa Bay Florida, where I polished my skills and started to play a few serious tournaments. The first tournaments that I played made me realize that no matter how much I had practiced in the tennis court, this was not practice, and at the beginning, my lack of tournament experience, hindered my ability to perform at my utmost level. In the few tournaments that I played in Florida and the dozens of tournaments I have played here, I have learned that practicing something  and doing it were two different things. The more I made mistakes and the more I was about to win a game, but then lost, were part of an experience which through time made me a better player. Everyone likes music, and everyone enjoys it, but there are some of us that absorb music and make it part of our everyday life. I have always been a huge music fan and in 2003 I decided to buy a guitar. Unlike my friends who â€Å"heard† music, I listened to it and analyzed it, taking it seriously and making it part of my life. After playing guitar for several months alone in my room I formed a band with a few friends of mine, who at the time, shared the same musical taste as me. We had a lot of trouble at the beginning adjusting, because despite the fact that we each knew had to play our instrument, playing all together was clearly not the same. After a few months of cleaning up the sound of our band, we decided to go ahead and play in front of a crowd so we signed up for the Annual School Talent Show. We were so proud and confident of ourselves that we announced it to all of our friends and made a big deal about. On May 22, 2004, a day before my fourteenth birthday, we stepped onto the stage, in front of our whole school, and started to play â€Å"Seven Nations Army† by the White Stripes, the only song we practiced for the past two months. Amid the performance we were all looking at each other realizing that everything was sounding filthy and disorganized. As we were playing we saw the faces of our friends in the crowd, who tried disguising the fact that we had played terribly. After that talent show, and several other terrible self-humiliating performances, we decided that we had enough embarrassment and we had to improve as a band. After several months of intense practicing, and the previous shameful experiences we had gone through, we started to become better and better. A year and a half after the dreadful talent show performance we found ourselves playing in front of hundreds of people, and getting paid to do what we loved the most. Months later I stepped onto another musical journey but this time in the Motion Picture field. I started to make a movie with a couple of friends that ended up receiving massive national attention. The movie started out as a project just for us to enjoy but as the Musical Director and Executive Producer, I knew we had something good in our hands and decided to make the most out of it. Eight months later it was viewed  across all the movie theaters in the capital and all the Movie Rentals in the country. The day after it was released in the movie theaters, we did over 4 newspaper interviews, over 5 live television interviews and we were reading on all major newspapers the headline â€Å"Dominican Boys Make National Movie.† After the success of the movie and my very acclaimed role as Musical Director, we received a contract from one of the biggest businessman in the Dominican Republic, to direct and produce his next upcoming movie. As of know we have just started to film that movie, but if it weren’t for all the times I humiliated myself on stage, or all the times I had to continue playing in front of people who were tired of listening and just wished for us to st op, If it weren’t for all those experiences, I wouldn’t be where I am know. Being the independent person that I am, I do not like to ask for a lot of favors or gifts. Since I was a child, my father has taught me many vital lessons and one of them is that nothing is free and money is hard to get but easy to spend. After not being able to have many of the toys that I craved as a child, I was left with this notion in my head that I had to produce money since I was young in order to have what I want and not having to ask for it. At 15 I took action and talked to one of my best friends and current business partner about the possibilities of making t-shirts and selling it among my friends. After a few months we hired a man, who has made t-shirts for a living for over a decade, and paid him to make about one-hundred t-shirts and sold them all in a period of a month. We made a good profit and decided to take our business further. After months asking for a valuable meeting in Plaza Lama, the biggest department store in the Dominican Republic, I finally received it an d after almost two hours of heavy persuasion my partner and I finally landed a contract of over 1200 t-shirts to sell in their main store. We immediately went to talk to our t-shirt manufacturer and after being to negotiate with him the prices, in order to receive a reasonable amount of profit, we got to an agreement. He was not as responsible as he seemed and took more time than promised, but we were fine since the t-shirts sold perfectly in Plaza Lama and we were just in time to receive a new contract. As we were sitting in Plaza Lama in a meeting with the manager of the clothing department, we received news that our  manufacturer was manufacturing more of our t-shirts and selling them to another department store without permission making himself a fortune and not giving us our equal pay. After a profound exchange of words with our manufacturer, we decided to part ways and take control of our own future by manufacturing our own shirts, due to the fact that we had received a new contract for over 3,200 t-shirts to sell at all their national stores. Being inspired by an â€Å"outsourcing† lesson in my economics class I talked to my partner about the possibilities of producing the shirts outside of the capital, where labor and production was cheaper, in order to increase profits. We did just that and in 6 weeks we produced all the t-shirts at half the price than before. We had to work harder since we were the ones organizing and transporting them. After a lot of hard work and effort, those t-shirts were all sold, we were paid and we realized that our companies’ profit had increased over 600% from the past set of t-shirts. Now we find ourselves selling over 3000 t-shirts a month, earning a solid amount of money, and starting to build a webpage to offer our t-shirts to anyone interested in the Caribbean. Learning from our mistakes in the past, and learning not to put too much trust on anyone, made us grow as business man and most importantly learn that money, unlike many people of my age do not know, is very hard to e arn and very easy to spend. The experiences I have been through in life, have taught me lessons more valuable than any other teacher has been able to teach me in a classroom. When you go out and experience things and make mistakes, you learn from your errors, overcome those depressing moments and ultimately become a better human being.

Botswana: A Diamond in the Rough Essay

1) The Harvard case, Botswana: A Diamond in the Rough, describes the exceptional case of Botswanas sustained economic rise from near absolute poverty to a country with a 10% average annual GDP growth for more than four decades. This case shows that healthy economic gains can be achieved by a mixture of formal institutions and ad hoc substitutes for missing institutions. When Botswana gained its independence in 1966, the country lacked many of the institutions deemed essential for economic growth by most prosperous developed nations. These absent institutions included a central bank, a national currency, basic administrative structures, market institutions, and the ability to connect to the global markets and apply external tariffs. Yet, Botswana was unique among its neighbors in that it held institutions such as a stable, democratic government supported by a charismatic leader and a constitution which upheld the liberties of a free press, legal transparency, and property rights. Botswanas institute of government also lacked the discriminatory practices and internal strife present in many of the neighboring countries. Botswana was able to supplement its lack of many formal institutions with substitute ad hoc solutions which filled many gaps. The countrys initial lack of its own central bank and national currency was supplemented with the countrys use of the South African Monetary Union until Botswana was able to establish its own currency and central bank in 1976. Similarly, Botswana relied on the South African Customs Union (SACU) for application of import tariffs used to raise tax revenue and protect infant domestic industries. Gaps left in the countrys infrastructure by weak public funding and an underdeveloped private sector were patched with help from financing and administration given by multinational firms, development institutions, as well as the creation of some of its own formal institutions. The most prominent of these situations was the countrys brokered relationship with the DeBeers Corporation which provided the country which technical expertise in a highly profitable industry, the establishments of diamond townships complete with working infrastructure, as well as a much needed source of  revenue. Botswana also used funds derived from development aid organizations and the financing agents such as the World Bank and the Canadian International Development Agency to substitute for its lack of private equity markets and banks. In addition, the country used the publicly traded company, Botswana RST, to attract foreign investment to aid in fully exploiting their natural resource potential. Investors in this company included multinational mining firms including AMAX and Anglo-American. Botswanas history of stability and protection of intellectual property rights also contributed to private foundations and major drug companies such as Harvards AIDS Institute, Bill and Melinda Gates AIDS initiative, and Merck helping to combat the brutal onslaught of the AIDS virus in the country. Botswana used a series of national development plans established by its Ministry of Finance and Development to guide future government spending. Contributions and returns from foreign investment were reinvested into infrastructure and education, while budget surpluses were stockpiled to hedge against sudden drops in revenue caused by potential downturns in the diamond market. Institutions such as the Mineral Right in Tribal Territories Act vested mineral rights in the central government rather than the hands of the tribal leaders while the two special funds, the Public Debt Service Fund and the Revenue Stabilization Fund, were established to funnel mining revenues into loans for local authorities and parastatal bodies. The Botswana Housing Corporation was a formal institution which used diamond revenues to finance construction projects while the Botswana Power Corporation and the Water Utilities Corporation were created to serve similar functions for electricity and water. The Botswa na Development Corporation, National Development Bank, and the Botswana Enterprise Development Unit were charged with allocating diamond revenue to diversify the economy. Botswana’s institutional development was a process. It began with virtually no formal institutions. Informal solutions led to the development of formal institutions, which allowed for Botswana’s idiosyncratic economic stability. 2) The most evident pro of nationalizing Botswanas diamond industry would be to achieve the short-term gains by selling stockpiled diamonds. Unfortunately, doing so would cost Botswana years of established credibility as it would require the country to renege on their previous agreements with the DeBeers Corporation. Such an action would deter future investors into Botswana, as well as cause the loss of their largest foreign investor, DeBeers. Loss of the DeBeers connection would cost Botswana the future gains associated with continued expertise in the field of diamond mining, infrastructure improvements historically provided by DeBeers in areas servicing the mines, and also the administrative capability of a major international corporation. The most significant con would likely be the loss of DeBeers as a steward of the cartel practices necessary to preserve the price premium associated with stockpiling diamonds. If left to navigate the sales and stockpiling of diamond by itself, the country would face the historically difficult task for a poor government that relies heavily on commodity sales to self-regulate commodity sales, and thus government revenues, while still balancing the demands of maintaining the cartel. 3) The extent to which Botswanas model is replicable outside of Botswana would certainly depend on a variety of factors some within the control of central governments, and others environmentally or socially determined. The presence of an extremely valuable natural resource(s) is a key component in Botswana growth model. While other countries also share this component, many lack the peace and stability associated with a stable government body and a tolerant society. Botswanas government offers stability and social climate free of the restrains presented by ethnic, tribal, and religious conflicts. Additionally, mining interests are centrally controlled and not subject to regional battles over mineral wealth. Likewise, discrimination between groups is not a prevalent issue in this country. Botswana also benefited from Tsekedi Khamas strong leadership in bringing new policies to the forefront and unifying the countrys economic policies among the various tribal groups. The countrys adherence to prudent social and macroeconomic policies also held a large role in the creation of an  atmosphere of growth and foreign investment. The credibility established through years of sound economics practices, legal transparency, property rights, stable government, and free press created a more welcoming environment for foreign investment than many other developing nations. The extent to which this model is replicable outside of Botswana depends on the level of faithfulness to the social and macroeconomic policies described above and a working mix of formal institutions and adequate substitute organizations. Although a full range of formal institutions are not necessary to achieve continued economic growth, substitutes must arise where the institutions are lacking to provide the necessary functions lost by their absence.

Target Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Target Company - Case Study Example The primary business units of Target are Target Financial Services (Target Sourcing Services/The Associated Merchandising Corporation and Target stores. Target is a privately owned company headed by Greg Steinhafel, and Bob Ulrich, a chairman. The main products are clothing, housewares and food (Target. Corporation 2008). At Target, consumers also hold images of institutions. Images of retail-store characteristics or personalities affect shopping behavior. Sensory impressions result in consumers' attributing distinct personality characteristics to retail units. Some stores reflect the bargain basement, discount atmosphere, whereas others reflect an atmosphere of elegance, luxury, affluence, and sophistication. The store image stems from such diverse factors as advertisements, sales personnel, merchandise, services, pricing strategies, physical plant, and layout. Research findings seem to indicate that consumers choose to shop at stores and purchase brands consistent with their own pe rsonalities. Since 1971, Target has provided huge acquisition policy which helps it to expend and grow as a leading US retailer. Suring 1982-2000, target organized its new campaign and opened new stores in the West and East coast. In 2006, target opened its store in India (Target. Corporation 2008). Currently, Target employs 366,000 (2008) people. ... Globalization changes the nature of demand and preferences of potential customers (www.target.com). The main internal factor include organizational goals and strategic intent of Target based on current market situation. The revenue of the company is $63.367 billion and net income is 2.849 billion (2007) (Target. Corporation 2008). The customer based of target consists of low and middle class citizens who value good quality but low price. This fact, combined with shared universal wants, needs, desires, and fantasies (for name brands, novelty, entertainment, trendy, and image-oriented products), make it possible to reach the global teen segment with a unified marketing program. In Target's price competition takes form of branding, advertising, promotion, and additional services to customers and product innovation. In relation to minor competitors, the Target provides comparable buyer value but perform the activities more efficiently so as to attain a cost advantage, or perform the activities in a unique way which raises the value to the consumer and thus allows them to command a premium price - the concept of low cost. I want to work for Target Corporation because it proposes great opportunities for employees and develops personal skills and knowledge of every employee. For me, target is a chance to apply my professional knowledge and skills into practice and grow with the company. Target employs excellent managers and experts I would like to work with. This function is concerned with dividing work and allocating it among employees and determining their responsibilities and relations. At Target, all employees come from different cultural and social environment;

Why Illegal Immigrants Must Follow the Law Essay

Why Illegal Immigrants Must Follow the Law - Essay Example These illegal immigrants have made America their home and many have raised families in this country. It is therefore necessary for them to be law abiding so that their stay in this country is not ended abruptly through deportation or if they are convicted of a crime, they do not end up serving time in jail. Whether their status in the United States is legal or illegal, it is their duty to abide by the law of the land because these laws have been passed to ensure that there is order in society. Illegal immigrants, no matter what their background is, should ensure that they abide by the law for the purpose of keeping order in society. Abiding by the law is very important because if the large number of illegal immigrants would were to get involved in illegal activities, then there would be a radical increase of the crime rates in the United States. This would make it very difficult for the law enforcement agencies at the federal, state and county level to contain crime and the order whi ch has been a part of the American society since this nation was created would be destroyed. Illegal immigrants should therefore follow the law to the latter as they found it and should avoid any activities which will put them on the wrong side of the law. This will not only ensure their own security but it will also ensure the security of all the people in the nation as a whole. Many immigrants in the United States are in the country illegally and because of this, they must be very careful not to break the law because this will bring the attention of the law enforcement agencies on them (Katel, 393 – 420). Breaking the law would be to their disadvantage because it would lead them to either serve time in a prison or get them deported back to their home countries, defeating their purpose of coming to the United States to improve their lives. I believe that the fear of deportation should be enough to make the illegal immigrants abide by the law so that they can keep their posit ions, although illegal, within the United States secure. However, the United States also has a duty to treat these illegal immigrants with the respect they deserve because whether we like it or not, the majority of Americans are not native to this land. America was founded as a refuge for those who were running away from persecution for their beliefs or for people who wanted to make better lives and have a new beginning, and that is the reason why America is said to be a nation of immigrants. Since most Americans hail from immigrant families, they should not look down upon or discriminate against the illegal immigrants because they also are looking for opportunities the same as their ancestors were. Furthermore, discriminating against illegal immigrants only drives them towards breaking the law through committing illegal activities in order to make a living. A major incentive for illegal immigrants to follow the law and not to commit any crime is for the purpose of preventing the ri se of a negative public opinion of them. This will enable them to rehabilitate the image of illegal immigrants being opportunistic people whose main purpose is to earn a living without any consideration for the welfare of the people of the country in which they have gone to work (Scarborough, M). Their following the law will enable a building of good will towards them from the American public and will deprive their critics of the argument that illegal immigrants in the United States are a security threat to the nation and that there is a need for them to be deported and stricter measures have to be put in place to ensure that there are no illegal immigrants in the country. The good public opinion will also ensure that there is social harmony in the country and not the aggressive debates

How Islamic law and American law deals with various aspects of the Dissertation

How Islamic law and American law deals with various aspects of the human life - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper are American law and Islamic law that are geared towards achieving justice. There emerges a problem though as some people tend to differ with the way both laws are handled This is because; non-Muslims do not understand Islamic law while Muslims on the other hand would like to have their own courts that would be handling their cases, especially in countries where Muslims are the minority. Some non- Muslims associate Sharia law with â€Å"ruthlessness.† This is especially when it comes to punishing offenders by either public whipping or stoning. Many people especially non-Muslims tend to have a problem with some of these forms of punishments. To a Moslem, that is just a form of obeying Sharia, which is considered as God’s Law. There is no problem in implementing God’s law when it comes to Sharia law. On the other hand, American law appears to take a different route. The law dictates that there should be democracy in everything inc luding when passing judgments. There are, therefore, differences between Islamic Law and the American law. In America, stoning and whipping suspects in public is considered illegal. This act is considered as being contrary to human rights. This notion about Islamic law being tough and firm against culprits has brought fear among many states in the United States of America, where the number of Muslims has been rising especially after the September 11 attack. Islamic laws have been used in many states but that fear has prompted many states reconsider outlawing the laws as they consider them going against basic human rights. Since America believes in the values of democracy, many are of the opinion that Sharia Law is sometimes extreme and go against human rights expectations. This paper will outline the view of Islamic laws and American law and delineate frictions in the two laws especially in America. These challenges have emerged as there have been cases in court where there appeared to be conflicts between American Law and Islamic Law. An example is a case that occurred in the state of Florida. Freeman was a woman who had converted to Islam. Islamic women are not allowed to uncover their faces in public. Their faces should be covered. As Freeman had converted to Islam, she was bound by the Islamic laws as well. Freeman was to have her photo taken, but she declined to remove her face covering. Within the Islamic law, Freeman was without crime. On the contrary, the state of Florida revoked Freeman’s driving license. This act prompted heated views from Muslims and non- Muslims alike. The state of Florida was acting within their law which emanate from American laws where they felt that it was better revoke Freeman’s driving license. From this act by the state of Florida, one can assume that all women irrespective of religion are supposed to have their photos taken with their faces uncovered. On the contrary, this is not the case in all states in Amer ica. In some states in America, one does not need to have to a photo taken to procure a driving license. What is required in those states is only a birth certificate or a social security card. These conflicts arise from having an interest a state is so much interested in protecting and a phase of Islam that a Moslem would be willing to articulate (Amanat 112). In many of the cases, what seems acceptable in Islamic law appears to contradict with American law. Under Islamic law, teachers and pupils should be dressed according to their respective law. On the other hand, American law does not dictate a specific dress code for either students or teachers depending on religion. This seems to forge conflicts between the two laws. In the state of Pennsylvania, there is a law stipulated prohibiting the wearing of any dress or exposing any mark that would portray the wearer as being a member of a certain religion. In such a state, it becomes difficult for a Moslem

Research report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research report - Assignment Example Participants strategically disclose private information so as to create connections with others that further have impacts on their relationships. The individuals who are highly connected through social media view this as normal parts of the day to day life. The study explains the concept of cyber stalking in greater theoretical depth and uses qualitative data to examine the practice and effects of individuals surveying each other using social media sites. The study also monitors the theory of social media in promoting and facilitating stalking in the modern society. On the last section of the study, I focus on examples of discourse to show how cyber stalking is carried out in the day to day life. What motivates people to engage in it and the impacts on participants? The qualitative data of this research study draws from the use of social media and modern technologies like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. The quotes in this paper are representatives of the attitudes and the practices among the participants in technologically mediated social lives and using social media to monitor others. During the study, three hundred undergraduate students were interviewed during a preliminary examination of causes of broken relationships. Ninety percent of the responses were emotions, unwanted courting that lead to termination of relationships thus extending to cyber stalking. Most of them upload photos and videos of other people making cyber stalking occur in both non-consensual and sexual fashions, and this leads to invasion of the individual’s privacy. They encroach on the private, virtual space or other peoples timeline on social media leading to sexual harassment. It is an unwelcome form of Cyberstalking as it resembles sexual harassment undertaken in a clandestine way (Easttom, & Taylor, 2011). It is clear that social crime is reciprocal. People post content with high expectations that others will view it. Some go to an extent of

Thesis paper on the book The Confessions of Nat Turner Essay

Thesis paper on the book The Confessions of Nat Turner - Essay Example This firm belief had condoned his conscience of cruel murders including the entire family of his kind owner, without any apparent reason. His group of followers too believed in his divine inspiration and respected it. They thought that their cruel actions were supported by God's will and mercy, a possible parallel with today's suicide bombers. But Negros of that day had enough provocation and grievances. Hence, the divine inspiration supposed to have received by Nat formed the basis of entire horrific incident and people involved did not worry much about being tortured or going to gallows as part of their divinely designed mission that was meant to happen for a glorious future, ordained by God himself. Nat's confession is full of 'Lord commanded me', in firm belief. It is also the basis of his Christian faith, for which Jesus suffered and died. He, being an already suffering Negro, placed himself in par with Christ, and his sufferings leading to self destruction were borne with satisfaction and fortitude. This justified not only his own cruelty of committing cold blooded killings, but also leading the rest of the gang into destruction. It gave him much needed solace and self righteousness. It enhanced his stature in his own eyes and that of his followers and fellow sufferers. He does not seem to be particularly guilty of his doings. Hence, the divine inspiration is not the mere motive. It also renders support and focus. It removes inhibitions and doubts from the uninformed minds of these unfortunate participants of mayhem. This divinity guided mission delivers them out of all wrong doings, and removes the fear and dread of consequences. So, gallows as the ultimate end does not particularly haunt or terrify them. They have become soldiers of the very own God's work. They were his instruments through whom he had decided to shape his own desires. They were not ordinary Negro slaves any more. Their leader was directly in contact with divinity and God directs the entire episode. This give s them certain superiority over the white men, because God had chosen them to be his army on earth, and not the all powerful white. Being subjected to the worst inhuman treatment through slavery, this belief must have come as a healer, camouflaging the reality. Naturally, these unfortunate men clung to it and the rest of them looked up at Nat with respect and trust, as God had inspired him, for them. This made the most horrendous happening ('came round to the door I saw Will pulling Mrs. Whitehead out of the house, and at the step he nearly severed her head from her body with his broadax,') sounds normal, as part of a design, a necessary sacrifice for a brighter tomorrow. Nat, throughout this hopeless occurrence, believed that God was guiding his destiny (Go through the midst of Jerusalem) and nothing, till his ignoble death, diminished his fervor of belief. Even killing the helpless did not worry or haunt his conscience in any way as God had bidden him to perform (Slay utterly old and young, both maids and little children.). His

Multiculturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Multiculturalism - Essay Example We have to get rid of the stereotypes and learn to embrace the strengths that everyone brings to the table. Instead of ridiculing someone because they are different we are to seek the commonalities so that everyone is included in whatever we are doing. When you are in a classroom it is very important to take into consideration the diversity of cultures that are represented. In many school districts Americans struggle with the idea that they have to teach English as a second language to those children who come from Mexico. It is important to make sure that all children are included in the classroom by encouraging them to explore their differences. Some teachers bring in readings about different cultures and create activities around them. Children today do not only have racial differences because of the extended families that raise them. Today a teacher my have children who are disabled, who come from single parent homes and those who come from gay or lesbian homes. These are all a part of the multicultural arena in the class room and all should be made to feel comfortable in their learning. Gender bias in the classroom is not new. There have been several studies done to show that boys and girls receive different educations in most classrooms. In elementary schools many girls are looked over when they raise their hand to answer a question in favor of a boy to answer. In other classrooms it is the boys who are getting the lower grades and who are being referred to special education classrooms. Sometimes this bias comes because of the way the teacher perceives the individual learners in each category. Some teachers seem to socialize young girls towards what they expect a feminine individual to do. They also pressure the boys to accept the role that someone masculine would assume. Chapman (2008) suggests that education teaches girls that they are not equal to boys and there are behaviors that

Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Essay

Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example This paper stresses that he was the first European to develop a considered view of the new American character and the first to exploit the â€Å"melting pot† image of America. He portrayed how different people in America came together as one and tolerated one another despite their differences in cultures and religions. He also helped in defining â€Å"who is an American?† a question that was bringing a lot of controversies. In one of the passages of What is an American, he asks: â€Å"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country†. He could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations....Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day ca use changes in the world. He defined an American as any person leaves all his ancient manners and prejudices behind him and receives new ones from the new ways of life he or she has embraced. Basically, according to him an American is a person who is dedicated, open minded to the changing ideas of the times and willing to work hard to develop the newly created country, America. Thomas Paine has been deemed as the most controversial leader of the American Revolution.

My Influential Person in Life Essay Example for Free

My Influential Person in Life Essay Power plant A power plant is an industrial facility that generates electricity. The source of the energy may vary, and includes nuclear, geothermal, diesel, among others. This energy is used to run the generators to provide more energy.A power plant is a building or station that is built to provide the production of power. It usually powers its local surrounding cities or towns. TRANSMITION LINE A transmission line is a material medium or structure that forms a path for directing the transmission of energy from one place to another, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. However in communications and electronic engineering, the term has a more specific meaning. In these fields, transmission lines are specialized cables and other media designed to carry alternating current and electromagnetic waves of highfrequency (radio frequency or higher), high enough that its wave nature must be taken into account. Transmission lines are used for purposes such as connectingradio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, distributing cable televisionsignals, and computer network connections. Electric GenerationThe electricity generation sequence involves taking charge from the Earth, doing work on it to give it energy (expressed in terms of voltage), transporting the energy via a distribution system, using the energy, and dumping the spent charge back to the Earth. The Earth acts as a charge reservoir and reference potential for the energy transfer process.While this picture of the Earth as the reservoir of charge from which charge is taken and to which charge is returned after the energy is used is the big picture of the large generation and distribution system, it may not be applied too literally in the local situation. You cannnot depend on a ground connection to the Earth to be sufficient as the path by which charge returns to the Earth. In particular, just a connection to a grounding rod is not a sufficiently low resistance path to provide shock protection by quickly carrying charge to the Earth in the case of a short circuit to ground. For electrical safety, the ground wire must be bonded back to the neutral of the supply transformer to force the tripping of the breaker in a ground fault situation. Electric Power Distribution| Grounding and Bonding| | Index Practical circuit concepts| HyperPhysics***** Electricity and Magnetism| R Nave| | Go Back| Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A distribution systems network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it to consumers. Typically, the network would include medium-voltage (1kV to 72.5kV)[1] power lines, substations and pole-mountedtransformers, low-voltage (less than 1 kV) distribution wiring and sometimes meters.

Five Important Factors to Success Essay Example for Free

Five Important Factors to Success Essay Employers today look for a variety of skill sets and personal strengths in an individual and hire those whom they feel will contribute most to their company. As an individual applying for employment or an internship with a company, one should be well aware of the necessary requirements and the recommended skill sets that each company looks for in a potential employee. While there are many different factors that can impact an individual’s success in gaining an internship or employment, there are five factors that especially highlight one’s qualifications. The first thing that employers search for in a future employee is the quality and extent of the individual’s academic background. â€Å"The importance of a college education has become quite evident in terms of earning potential within today’s economy† (College View). A knowledge base of all general education classes along with classes that focus on the individual’s major are an extremely desired asset for most high-income jobs. Specialization of one’s education builds and structures the skills and strengths that an individual will need to be successful in their desired industry. Within this one industry, employers have to start what is called a â€Å"weed out† process in order to narrow down their applicant list. One of the most highly used techniques among these businesses is creating an automatic drop list based on academic achievement for the recent college graduates. Each college graduate will have taken the same set of classes for a particular major, therefore, if one student’s grades do not compare to those of the high achievers, they will have less of a chance finding employment or an internship. However, these college graduates with lower grade point averages are still more likely to obtain important job positions than those who lack a degree altogether. According to College View, â€Å"attending college provides opportunities for graduates which are not as widespread to those who have not received a higher education.† Leadership is a key factor in building one’s path to success. Success Magazine says â€Å"leadership is everything, whether you are leading a life, a community, an organization or a business, or you are in school.† Businesses looking to hire employees want to ensure that each applicable individual demonstrates the initiative to take on projects and fully complete them in an organized and timely manner. According to Success Magazine, it is extremely important that new hires â€Å"develop the abilities of leaders in the areas of strategic and critical thinking, enhancing relationships, negotiating, managing risks, people, change, conflicts and financials, making the right decisions, managing work-life balance† in order to become successful in their new position. Businesses also look for leadership like characteristics in their potential new hires such as integrity, honesty, drive, and excellence. These qualities within an individual will help a company progress and become more successful. Hiring new employees is a risk for each company. Because of this liability, businesses want to make decisions in which they feel confident that will benefit their company due to the fact that it is so costly to hire a new employee undergoing extensive training. Having a leadership background can definitively increase an individual’s likelihood of gaining employment or an internship. Recruiters find it significant that their potential new hires show diligent involvement and a proactive attitude throughout their years attending a university. Being involved with organizations on and off a university campus will greatly benefit an individual because of the variety of different learning, volunteer, and career opportunities given by each of the organizations. Small Business Advice found that a proactive employee â€Å"is not going to sit back and wait for opportunities to land in their lap. Instead, they are going to go out and get what it is they want.† Employees want to make sure that the people they are going to hire will work proactively and in the best interest of the company and nobody else. Individuals that show experience with commitments of an organization in which they are involved demonstrate a more effective work ethic. Small Business Advice says â€Å"you will never see a leader sitting back and waiting for someone to tell them what to do and when to do it.† This is exactly what a company looks for in a new hire. Networking is an extremely important part of successfully gaining employment or internships. The most successful people in the world today would not have been able to achieve such great measures if they hadn’t encountered other influential people. People and connections are the greatest resources an individual has. If an individual has connections with respectable and influential people, they are more likely to succeed in their business. Applicants must put their name and qualifications out there in a positive for all to see in order to begin constructing their own effective social network. A way for individuals in college to network is to join organizations and meet with professors and other academic advisors. The more connections one has, the more likely they will receive a job or internship within a company. It is absolutely necessary that an applicant or new hire demonstrate professional behavior at all times. Recruiters are looking to hire individual’s that will represent their company in a good light 100 percent of the time. No matter where one is or what one does in their free time, if they are publicly misrepresenting themselves, and therefore, the company as a whole, the business will no longer allow that individual to continue portraying the company in such a bad manner and will fire them. A professional businessperson is always on the best of their behavior and always keeps the goals and priorities of the company before their own personal goals and priorities. There are numerous factors that influence a recruiter’s decision to hire a new employee. However, the five main factors are a strong academic background, leadership, proactive involvement, networking and professional behavior.

Copyright and Freedom of Expression Debate

Copyright and Freedom of Expression Debate Sean Elsworthy Copyright has been put in place to provide a fair opportunity for artists to freely express their creations whilst having their works compensated for and protected. While copyright does provide an incentive for free expression it is also a hindrance as it supresses potential artists from expressing their point of view and challenging already established works making it less an â€Å"engine for free expression† and rather an obstruction to this expression (Netanel, 2006). This quelling of expression can be seen through large companies’ control over copyright in which it allows them to hold a monopolistic grasp of the works created by popular artists, potentially preventing newer rising artists from gaining a chance at larger recognition. Creative commons on the other hand was a reaction to the contemporary state of copyright and was established in order to recognize certain rights and grant freedoms by allowing the creator to decide on the way in which their work is prot ected in order to combat the current atmosphere of copyright and provide a more appealing alternative, but the problems Creative Commons faces with their non-commercial licence will also be explored. Copyright could potentially be damaged further by recent trade agreements such as the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) which threaten to criminalize the use of various works while giving large companies a larger monopoly than they already have. This essay will explore the manner in which copyright provides an incentive for expression, but also the way in which it acts as a barrier to the freedom of expression. The current sphere of copyright allows large companies to hold a tight grip on the copyright over artists that they support by creating a means of curtailing a smaller artist’s creation in the form of desist letters to anyone who attempts to use part of the artist’s work. This can cause many new artists to give up on their aspirations (Heins, 2005). Large companies that desire to keep a monopolistic hold upon their works will often claim all possible copyright on works they own, sending out warning statements threatening fines or other punishments due to use of said work. Such statements can be found on various works that have already been in the public domain, for example, Shakespeare’s plays (Fishman, 2014). Not only on works in the public domain are potentially affected, but any works that an aspiring artist may be working from cannot be used due to the fear of prosecution from the copyright holders. Take for example, the Verve’s song â€Å"Bittersweet Symphony† released in 1997 that gained worldwide popularity. The well-known string section at the beginning of the song was taken from the Rolling Stone’s song â€Å"The Last Time†. The Verve was sued by the Rolling Stone’s manager Allen Klein (McLeod, 2005) under the claim that the Verve had used a larger portion of â€Å"The Last Time† than was considered reasonable. Regardless of how much work was placed into the song â€Å"Bittersweet Symphony† in order to differentiate it from past works and make it something original the Verve ended up forfeiting 100 percent of the royalties earned by the song as well as losing control over where and what the song could be used for.(McLeod, 2005). They have chosen not to perform the song since. This isn’t the only example of a copyright holder’s greed-driven attempt to milk money out of potential but negligible copyright infringements. The Beastie Boys too were put in a situation in which they needed to defend their work from copyright holders, spending over five hundred thousand dollars in the courts. They were sued by James W.Newton Jr who thought it was his right to have been paid for a six second use of the song â€Å"Choir† in which he believed used the â€Å"heart† of his song. The court ruled that the use of â€Å"Choir† was not substantial enough to be recognizable by an average audience allowing the Beastie Boys to avoid any further lawsuit (McLeod, 2005). The Beastie Boys still had to spend a large sum of money defending themselves clearly showing the way Copyright can be used for greed. While these are just a few examples of many, it’s clear to see how the current laws of copyright can perpetuate avarice on the part of copyright holders attempting to make large sums of money through lawsuits over negligible portions of material. But it doesn’t stop there. A large range of aspiring artists who are attempting to make an impression and gain a following to further fuel their artistic desires are cut short when the copyright put in place to encourage expression is in actuality cutting the expression short. Since copyright holders own full control over any works in their possession, they are as a result able to exclude any other use of the work in order to establish a â€Å"Marketable right† (Harris, 2004). As a result of this exclusive right, any individual who attempts to use anything from the work whether it be in the form of a cover, reproduction, mash-up or to simply re-perform this work often have to pay a fee (Heins, 2005). In fact, any individual who desires to use a portion of another artists work must now pay for a licence over that excerpt they are using. The court states â€Å"Get a Licence or do not sample† (McLeod, 2005). While the price will depend on the company issuing the lic ence, buying a licence is often the only choice left to an aspiring artist to use part of another’s work. The alternative being to run the risk of infringing copyright and being faced with huge fines or the possibility of needing to defend themselves in court which is often beyond their financial means as well as not being worth the time or effort for a small excerpt of a song or idea. Companies will often attempt to bring any infringements to a halt through the use of cease and desist letters often threatening punishments or fines. These can be sent to nearly anyone, even competitors of the company (Heins, 2005). Take down notices are not uncommon in the digital world. These request the removal of any material that is deemed as infringement under copyright law (Heins, 2005). Large companies use nearly any means at their disposal to prevent potential competition and continue an inflow of profit for the monopolistic empire that current copyright law has allowed them to create, further silencing the â€Å"engine of free expression† that copyright initially sought to create. There are, however, modes of copyright that still offer artists the protection and compensation as well as â€Å"Free Expression† that they need to continue creating material. This also allows other aspiring artists to use their work without being slapped with enormous fees. The means of creating this copyright sphere is through Creative Commons. Creative commons is a non-profit organization that was established in 2002. It was created not to overwrite or challenge the current copyright system, but to compliment it and provide a free culture by creating a means by which artists can copyright their works more reasonably and flexibly in comparison to what the current copyright would allow. This helps deal with the issues that have arisen with overprotection (Loren, 2006). Creative Commons has clearly made an impact on the copyright sphere with around 400 million works being created under the Creative Commons licence (Cobcroft et al., 2008). It allows artists to freely distribute their work under a Creative Commons Licence of their choice with their options being the right to copy and publish. This is done regardless of whether there is attribution required, if the work can be used commercially, whether or not the work can be modified and adapted, and if the license of the work can be changed. These various modes of licencing can then be mixed and matched depending on the intentions of the artist (Commons, 2009). In turn allowing other artists to legally modify and make use of their work under the framework of â€Å"some rights reserved† (Cobcroft et al., 2008). Creative Commons has earned an extensive amount of support as millions of documents, images, film clips and audio tracks have been used under a Creative Commons licence (Cobcroft et al., 2008). Take for example a musician that composes a song and then places this song under the â€Å"sampling licence†, allowing anyone to use portions of this song in an attempt to make something new fro m the inspiration of the original artist (Goss, 2007). Creative Commons too moves away from the extensive period of time in which material stays under the name of the artist, in that anyone creating a work under the creative commons licence must agree to having their work enter the public domain after either fourteen or twenty-eight years (Goss, 2007). As a result of this, it opens up a number of reasons to why an artist may choose to take the Creative Commons route. It furthers the use of a number of materials whether they be educational, cultural, recreational or informational expanding the concept of free expression as many works enter the public domain for fair use. It also allows various artists, writers and publishers to release their work for free in order to generate an interest in their work and create a cult following, furthering the demand for work from these artists (Goss, 2007). It is clear then, that Creative Commons allows for an alternative free expression as opposed to the issue of overprotection that the current copyright sphere allows large companies to hold. However, while Creative Commons does offer a number of advantages it is not without its downsides. While one of the founders of Creative Commons believes that the licences are â€Å"bulletproof†, the legitimacy of the licences and their enforceability is unclear (Goss, 2007). Since the license does not depend on any legal entity rather it exists for the purpose in which the material was reproduced or sampled the license specifies that it is not intended for commercial advantage making it controversial whether or not the intention or direction should be the primary focus (Hagedorn et al., 2011). Furthermore, the largest problem that is faced in terms of Creative Commons is the â€Å"non-commercial† option and the manner in which it is often inadequately understood. It is not uncommon for people to interpret what is and is not acceptable when using material licensed as non-commercial in combination with advertisement to recover from cost deficits. This makes Creative Co mmon’s â€Å"Non-commercial† licence ambiguous as many can bend it to be compatible with their definition of how the licence is used (Hagedorn et al., 2011). In practice, this means that potential interpretations can range from allowing the use of images, graphs or other forms of data in a non-profit journal being published to banning use of the work anywhere in which money might be exchanged even if the only reason is for the recovery of costs (Harris, 2004). It is then, also important to note that these views are limited to how the work is used, and the status of people who could potentially use the work is neglected entirely. So while non-commercial licences are open to both profit and non-profit organizations, non-profit organization artists or authors are going to have rely on outside factors other than their status in the industry to decide on whether or not it’s worth using any non-commercial works (Hagedorn et al., 2011). While Creative Commons does offe r a number of ways for someone to create or use something without the problematic grip of the current copyright protection laws, there are still however issues with Creative Common’s mode of expression under the ambiguous non-commercial licence. The future of copyright and its freedom of expression is a bleak one with copyright laws such as ACTA and TPP threatening to bring in global copyright standards that will increase the grip large corporations hold over copyright by allowing a small portion of the industry to control a large amount of content. ACTA is a multinational agreement to create a new global property enforcement standard in an attempt to target the counterfeiting of goods. While the United States Supreme Court describes copyright as an â€Å"engine for free expression†, ACTA would undermine this by creating a tension between protection of copyright and that of free speech (Yu, 2011). ACTA potentially harms the freedom of expression in copyright as musicians, authors, movie makers, journalists, software developers and researchers have their freedom of expression cut short, as sampling or using any material is prohibited. This means no one can build upon the idea of another as protected ideas are held by l arge industries and the use of any of this material could result in fines or criminal charges. As a result of this ACTA has been heavily criticized and seen as â€Å"hostile to the public interest†. ACTA is seen this way as their policy is set as a balance between protection and access. This lies at the heart of intellectual property and as a result the implementation of ACTA would prevent potential future creations of new work ranging from video-making to journals as simply quoting a protected sentence could be seen as infringement (Flynn, 2010). Although ACTA is not in force, TPP is a proposed regional free-trade agreement that also threatens the potential for freedom of expression. This agreement appears to increase the control over material by large corporations as they lobby for stricter copyright claiming that this will enhance freedom of expression, innovation and create jobs. This however is not the case. As a result, similar to ACTA, any artists, musicians or filmmak ers who wish to sample material will face legal threats even if the acquisition of the material is legal. This includes any creations that attempt to make material accessible to large crowds such as the disabled. TPP can potentially further damage the freedom of expression as it gives large corporations the ability to limit the public domain as it permits these corporations to cut off access to material which they potentially have no copyright over purely because it contains a copyrighted element. This is done rather than using copyright as protection against their works thus limiting the creation of potential works in the attempt to instantiate an anti-competitive effect (Flynn et al., 2012). Copyright is then less a â€Å"freedom of expression†. The effects of ACTA and TPP strengthening the monopoly of larger corporations by criminalizing and restricting creative material will threaten the future of creativity. While copyright may be seen as an â€Å"engine of free expression† in which artists can express their creations freely whilst still being compensated for the work that they create, it is clear that it can also be seen as a suppression to this freedom. Large companies and corporations often have a strong grasp on the materials that they have copyright over and as a result it’s often difficult to get hold of samples or works that they need to further their creativity. Or in some cases this leads to ceasing this expression altogether. Creative Commons offers an excellent alternative to free expression, allowing artists to choose from a number of different licences giving them the means to protect their work that best suits their needs while still allowing their work to be distributed. It is not however, without its problems. This is as the non-commercial licence is ambiguous and is often up for debate in what it means in a number of different situations. There is a potenti al threat to copyright’s freedom of expression that are the trade agreements ACTA and TPP which give companies a broad and strong protection over material they own and potentially material that simply has copyright elements. Thus denying the use of these works in any manner preventing many forms of creation. It is clear then while copyright does create an incentive for expression, in the current sphere of copyright it does not extend itself to an â€Å"engine for free expression† with the problems it currently faces. REFRENCE LIST COBCROFT, R. S., COATES, J. M. BLEDSOE, E. 2008. Building an Australasian Commons: Creative Commons case studies vol. 1, Queensland University of Technology. COMMONS, C. 2009. About the licenses. Retrieved October, 11. FISHMAN, S. 2014. The public domain: How to find use copyright-free writings, music, art more, Nolo. FLYNN, S. 2010. ACTAs Constitutional Problem: The Treaty Is Not a Treaty. Am. U. Intl L. Rev., 26, 903. FLYNN, S. M., BAKER, B., KAMINSKI, M. KOO, J. 2012. US Proposal for an Intellectual Property Chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, The. GOSS, A. K. 2007. Codifying a Commons: Copyright, Copyleft, and the Creative Commons Project. Chi.-Kent L. Rev., 82, 963. HAGEDORN, G., MIETCHEN, D., MORRIS, R. A., AGOSTI, D., PENEV, L., BERENDSOHN, W. G. HOBERN, D. 2011. Creative Commons licenses and the non-commercial condition: Implications for the re-use of biodiversity information. ZooKeys, 127. HARRIS, J. 2004. Beyond Fair Use: Expanding Copyright Misuse to Protect Digital Free Speech. Tex. Intell. Prop. LJ, 13, 83. HEINS, M. 2005. Will fair use survive? Free expression in the age of copyright control, Marjorie Heins. LOREN, L. P. 2006. Building a reliable semicommons of creative works: Enforcement of creative commons licenses and limited abandonment of copyright. Geo. Mason L. Rev., 14, 271. MCLEOD, K. 2005. Freedom of expression: Overzealous copyright bozos and other enemies of creativity. NETANEL, N. 2006. Copyrights Paradox: Property in Expression/Freedom of Expression. Journal of Scholarly Perspectives, 2. YU, P. K. 2011. Six secret (and now open) fears of ACTA. SMU Law Review, 64, 975-1094

James Stewart :: Entertainment Film Papers

James Stewart "In a career of extraordinary range and depth, Jimmy Stewart has come to embody on screen the very image of the typical American.... His idealism, his determination, his vulnerability, and above all, his basic decency shine through every role he plays..."-- The American Film Institute. The Nature of Film and Acting When film was young, acting was overdone. Low quality cameras could only record large movements; posing and enunciation were overstated as a result of theater acting; the development of the character was limited to a script. Starting in the 1930's film acting became more natural. Actors could interpret scripts to find emotion and motivation in their characters. Good acting relies on a kinesthetic, an intrapersonal, and an interpersonal intelligence, all of which work together to form a creative expression. There exist limitless styles of acting; there is always something to learn. The physicality of the actor is the most important part of the creation of the character. Since all experiences are interpreted through a physical means (i.e. our senses), the kinesthetic actor can evoke a response from his audience by connecting his actions to their lives, memories, or emotions. By having distinct facial features or a certain body build, the actor's mere physical presence can convey some detail of his character. However, the most important part of the kinesthetic intelligence in acting is the knowledge of one's body, where it is, what it's doing, and what message it's conveying. This is more than just muscle movement. It includes physique, timing, rhythm, voice and mannerisms. When we watch movies, we notice emotion and characterization mainly in the eyes and mouth. However, a man can not just act from the neck up. What his body tells us is just as important as what his face tells. Try It! Make your body tense. Tighten every muscle you can. Now, smile. How do you feel? How would you appear to feel? For the actor, the hands are a good place to release energy, but conveying meaningful messages through the hands is hard to do. Also, overuse of gestures can be dizzying to a viewer. Voice is another excellent means of communicating the unstated. From sincerity to sarcasm, we can tell as much from the way something is said as from the words themselves. Underneath the physical lies the actor's presence. The intrapersonal unconsciously comes through in the form of a persona that the audience can further relate to.

Franco Zefferellis Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Julie

The astounding perils of young love has been eloquently captured in the story of Romeo and Juliet. Franco Zefferelli and Baz Luhrmann are the creators of the two most renowned film adaptations of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Zefferelli, the more traditional director, created his Oscar winning version in 1968. Baz Luhrmann put an abstract, modern twist on Shakespeare's classic and created the 1996 version that raised millions of dollars in box office sales. Being that these two films are so different, I have chosen to compare them to one another, using the famed balcony scene as my focus. In the Franco Zefferelli adaptation, proceeding the extravagant Capulet party, Romeo walks down a dark stone path alone with his very boisterous friends trailing closely behind him. They sound drunken and unruly so Romeo seeks refuge from them by climbing rocks into a nearby forest. He pauses in the darkness to listen to his confidants joke about how fantastic a lover Romeo is, and he smiles in amusement at the contents of their commotion. Traveling deeper into the foliage, Romeo sees the light pouring from Juliet's window and continues towards it in curiosity. He walks slowly in the darkness until he clearly sees the illuminated palace in which Juliet resides, finding his love leaning on the balcony wall. Juliet wear a white gown which makes her appear very angelic and virginal. Her hair is soft, her eyes sparkle, and her innocence is undeniable. Romeo moves slowly and quietly through the bushes trying to get a better look at her, and, doubting his presence there at that time, he pa uses and leans his head against a tree, trying to remain anonymous. Juliet rests her cheek in her hand as the moon shines down on her young face a... ...ndured, yet I'm sure that few have viewed both of these phenomenal films. Each director, in their own right, is a creative genius. They pushed themselves to create the best interpretation of Romeo and Juliet that they knew how, not knowing what Shakespeare's true directorial intentions were. Whether life is seen through a traditional viewpoint or a contemporary viewpoint, Shakespeare will always remain Shakespeare--a creative genius in the truest sense of the word. If Shakespeare himself were given the opportunity to view Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zefferelli's interpretations of his play, I believe he would be proud. Works Cited Herndon, L. (1997). 1968's Romeo and Juliet [internet] Location: http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/9521/rj1968.html Luhrmann, B. (1996). William Shakespeare's Romeo+Juliet [Film] Zefferelli, F. (1968). Romeo and Juliet [Film]

Why Religious People May Have Problems with Transplant Surgery :: Papers

Most Christians agree with transplant surgery however some are opposed to transplant surgery. They disagree with using organs from dead people but accept using organs as donated by living relatives. Jews have a similar view to Christians on this matter. Muslims however are totally opposed to it some Muslims do allow transplant surgery using organs from a living donor as long as the donor is a close relative. More Hindus are for transplant surgery than against and mainly will carry donor cards. Christians that are opposed to transplant surgery believe that transplants can ignore the sanctity of life, God created us in his image so transplanting organs means you interfering with what God intended and therefore â€Å"playing God†. Organs cannot be paid for because this is exploiting the poor which is strictly forbidden in the Bible. The majority of Muslims are opposed to transplant surgery because the Muslim belief in the sanctity of life means that all life belongs to God and that God is the only on who has the right to take life. In the Qu’ran the Muslim holly book, it says that God has created the entire body so to take parts or organs from one body and transplant it into another is to act as God. To act as God is the greatest sin in Islam so you can see how the majority of transplant surgery is strictly forbidden. As well as this the Shari’ah another Muslim holly book teaches that after death nothing should be removed from the body. They are also totally opposed to post-mortems. Muslims have very specific death rituals this is why this is extremely important and therefore organs should not be removed from Muslims that have passed away. Due to Muslims being so opposed to transplant surgery they would also agree with any none religious arguments against transplants. The few Jews, which are against transplant surgery, have similar reasons to Muslim beliefs. They also believe that we’ve God has created the entire body so to transplant organs is playing God.

Stakeholder management

A stakeholder is a party, an individual or a group of people who influence or can be affected or affect the actions of an organization examples are customers, suppliers, employes and owners or a given organization. Stakeholder management is a way of emphasizing that people support each other and taking an opportunity where others are not able to succeed.Stakeholder management is very important when it comes to success of any project in any given organization, this includes giving the right people the right responsibilities in the project, as one involves more people in the development of a project as the more people will affect the project development, and those people will come to rule out how the project will shape up and finally they will be the   more powerful people in that organization so great care should be taken when selecting stakeholders in the management of a project in the organization, as they will be sole determinants of the success of an organization .The success or failure or a project is greatly influenced by the way the management in the organization pursues and expects of their stakeholders, and how much they want to involve them in the development of the project.Research is necessary while deciding who the stakeholders should be while planning out a project; the management should have people carry out exclusive research to get the best possible stakeholders who will directly be affected by that specific project.Before making a decision on which the stakeholders should be you should try to allocate enough time on stakeholder management to decide on the critical decisions depending on how hard the project goals are, communication time and how much help you will need from the stakeholders to achieve your goals.It’s always important that while planning a project that the relevant people who are directly related to that project must be involved, this is because they are the ones who will make strategic decisions which will directly affe ct the success of the project.Each and every stakeholder should be involved to the extent of the success of that given project.   The management at the same time should not over involve stakeholders in their new project because they may end up interfering with the outcome of the project, only a limited number of stakeholders should be involved in the project.One needs to have a full understanding of the key stakeholders and how they are likely to be affected by the project.   Priority should be given to those that are affected more by the project and least priority to those that will be less affected. They need to communicate with the basic stakeholders so that they can always the part of the project and contribute to the success of the project in the best possible way.In conclusion, it’s important to note that the success of any project will depend on the involvement of all the stakeholders if positive results are to be realized.Maximum positive results can be achieved w hen all the stakeholders management communicates effectively to its important stakeholders incase the are to make any changes of while in progress with the project, the management should not keep changing its stakeholders from time to time because this will lead to inconsistent results due to different ideas contributed from the various stakeholders that will be involved.Reference: Earned Value Project Management, Third Edition by Quentin W. Fleming and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Joel M. Koppelman   

American Quail

In Europe, it refers to several kinds of game birds of the pheasant family. A brood may include from 10 to 18 eggs or more. Bold face markings and tilting crests identify the males from the females. Their feathers usually are slate blue, olive-brown, and black and white. Other kinds of American quail are the California quail, Gambles quail, mountain quail, scaled quail and mearn`s quail. These small plump quail prefer open woodlands, chaparral and grassy valleys. Hunters have killed so many of these birds that many states have hunting laws to protect them. Quails scatter at the approach of an enemy. Then they sound a gathering call. Bird authorities believe quail gather together this way. In Europe, it refers to several kinds of game birds of the pheasant family. A brood may include from 10 to 18 eggs or more. Bold face markings and tilting crests identify the males from the females. Their feathers usually are slate blue, olive-brown, and black and white. Other kinds of American quail are the California quail, Gambles quail, mountain quail, scaled quail and mearn`s quail. These small plump quail prefer open woodlands, chaparral and grassy valleys. Hunters have killed so many of these birds that many states have hunting laws to protect them. Quails scatter at the approach of an enemy. Then they sound a gathering call. Bird authorities believe quail gather together this way. In Europe, it refers to several kinds of game birds of the pheasant family. A brood may include from 10 to 18 eggs or more. Bold face markings and tilting crests identify the males from the females. Their feathers usually are slate blue, olive-brown, and black and white. Other kinds of American quail are the California quail, Gambles quail, mountain quail, scaled quail and mearn`s quail. These small plump quail prefer open woodlands, chaparral and grassy valleys. Hunters have killed so many of these birds that many states have hunting laws to protect them. Quails scatter at the approach of an enemy. Then they sound a gathering call. Bird authorities believe quail gather together this way. In Europe, it refers to several kinds of game birds of the pheasant family. A brood may include from 10 to 18 eggs or more. Bold face markings and tilting crests identify the males from the females. Their feathers usually are slate blue, olive-brown, and black and white. Other kinds of American quail are the California quail, Gambles quail, mountain quail, scaled quail and mearn`s quail. These small plump quail prefer open woodlands, chaparral and grassy valleys. Hunters have killed so many of these birds that many states have hunting laws to protect them. Quails scatter at the approach of an enemy. Then they sound a gathering call. Bird authorities believe quail gather together this way. Doug Ose was born in Sacramento on June 27, 1955. He graduated from Sacramento's Rio Americano High School. Then went on to earn a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the University of California at Berkley in 1977. Doug worked in his family†s business, Ose Properties, for eight years as project manager. There he was responsible for developing three sub-divisions of approximately 273 residential lots in Sac and Roseville. He started his own real estate development and investment company in 1985. It specialized in mini-storage development projects. Today, Doug is recognized as an expert in mini-storage facility development. Doug and his wife, Lynnda, have two daughters, Erika and Emily. He has been a member of the Board of Directors for the California State Automobile Association, the Board of Directors for the Citrus Heights Chamber of Commerce, and the Sacramento Housing and Redevelopment Commission. Doug also served on the Citrus Heights Incorporation Project, where he was a leading force in the drive to incorporate the City of Citrus Heights in Sacramento County. On Nov.3 98, Ose was elected to the u.s. house of reps. He represents California's Third Congressional District, which includes Yolo, Sutter, Glenn, and Tehama Counties as well as portions of Sac, Solano, and Butte Counties. In the 106th Congress, Congressman Ose serves on three committees: Agriculture, Banking and Financial Services, and Government Reform. Sub committees include: general farm commodities, resource conservation, and credit/risk management, research, and specialty crops, Banking and financial Services: sub committee: domestic and international monetary policy, and Government Reform sub committees: criminal justice, drug policy and human resources/ government management, info and tech. This was a hard paper for me. I waited too long to start and could not find much information. Next time I†ll work harder to get my assignments done to my full ability. Anyways, I went to search on AOL, Net Explorer, and the Doug Ose website.

Differences Between a Normative and Empirical Theory

There are various theories that attempted to explain and understand various social events and social issues. Two of these theories include the normative and the empirical theories. In order to understand these concepts, it may be best to know their definitions. The normative theory involves the evaluation of things based on the labels of what is good and what is bad. The desirability then of an approach is determined by the observable judgments on its implications.On the other hand, empirical theory involves the use of observations according to concrete evidence so that things can be explained with accuracy and precision. One of the most important applications of the normative and empirical theory is on the rule making aspect of a democracy. According to Craig, there â€Å"may be different models of democracy†. However, in our society, we are often confused with the normative and empirical aspects of democracy.As regards democracy, one can still say that in order to achieve th e true essence of a democratic community, the empirical approach is at most desirable. It is not enough that the precepts proposed by the concept of democracy dictates how and to what extent we achieve democracy. Rather, it is important that we also rely on empirical data and concrete evidence to determine how and to what extent the proposed democratic policies can affect the lives of the people who believe in the concept of democracy.Historical data proves that mistakes as regards democracy involved the normative theory of democracy wherein our leaders tend to have been swayed and decided only in accordance with what democracy should and ought to be rather on what the community actually needs and the state of things. In the normative theory, it is often the aim to evaluate things rather than explain things. In this regard, it is often the case that under the normative theory, concrete actions are not determined in order to resolve issues.This is not true in case of the empirical th eory because by more than just evaluating things, explaining the various social phenomenons enables our leaders to create deeper understanding of things so that it can be resolved according to democratic principles. Democratic theory is empirically desirable as much as it allows the people to explain things so that they can freely act on it. The democratic set up is best for the community because it allows people to, individually create an evaluation and understanding of things by trying to explain the root causes of the problems.In addition, under the concept of democracy, it is best that decisions be based not only on the basis of what is best for a certain group but for the whole community. The practice of democracy should not cause to undermine other democratic rights of others. This is commonly what is reflected in the United States politics because specific policies especially on wars are now reflections of the voice of the people, or a product of free deliberations to determi ne their applicability and reasonableness.It is unfortunate to think that the democratic principles are now tainted with the long stretch of power of politics and officialdom. Many our seemingly democratic leaders, neglect democratic end in exchange of their personal intentions. We should not forget that a true democratic government is a government for the people, by the people and of the people. The centralization of government especially of decision making does not reflect the true nature of a democratic state.

High School and Basic Education Essay

According to the K to 12 DepEd Primer (2011), â€Å"K-12 means â€Å"Kindergarten and the 12 years of elementary and secondary education. † Kindergarten points to the 5-year old child who undertakes the standardized curriculum for preschoolers. Elementary education refers to 6 years of primary school (Grades 1-6) while secondary education means four years of junior high school (Grades 7-10 or HS Year 1-4). In addition to this, two years are now allotted for senior high school (Grades 11-12 or HS Year 5-6). Prof. Lorina Calingasan of the College of Education in UP Diliman explains that â€Å"K-12 means extending basic education by two years, so instead of having a high school graduate at 16 (years old), we will have high school graduate at 18. † The DepEd discussion paper (2010) on the enhanced K-12 basic education program explains that this new setup â€Å"seeks to provide a quality 12-year basic education program that each Filipino is entitled to†. Furthermore, the purpose is not simply to add 2 more years of education â€Å"but more importantly to enhance the basic education curriculum†. What is the rationale for this program? There is an urgent need to enhance the quality of basic education in our country as seen in the education outcomes of Filipino students and the comparative disadvantage of the Philippines with regard to other countries. The following data would support this explanation: At present, the Philippines is the only country in Asia and among the three remaining countries in the world that uses a 10-year basic education cycle. According to a presentation made by the South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO-INNOTECH) on Additional Years in Philippine Basic Education (2010), the comparative data on duration of Basic and Pre-University Education in Asia shows that the Philippines allots 10 years not just for the basic education cycle but also for the pre-university education while all the other countries have either 11 or 12 years in their basic education cycle. Achievement scores highlight our students’ poor performance in national examinations. The National Achievement Test (NAT) results for grade 6 in SY 2009-2010 showed only a 69. 21% passing rate while the NAT results for high school is at a low 46. 38%. Moreover, international tests results in 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science study (TIMSS) show that the Philippines ranked 34th out of 38 countries in HS Math and 43rd out of 46 countries in HS II Science. Moreover, the Philippines ranked the lowest in 2008 even with only the science high schools joining the Advanced Mathematics category. Some reasons why not disagree with K- 12 education plan in the Philippines First if K- 12 will be implemented, students will be able to get sufficient instructional time to do subject- related tasks which makes them more prepared and well- trained on that subject area. On the other hand, if we remain on the old system, Filipino students would continually get low achievement scores. For instance, international test results revealed that we often come at the tail end in the exams compared to other countries. Second reason why we should support K- 12 is that the graduates of this program will be more prepared to enter the labor force. As we all noticed, high school graduates of the current curriculum are not yet employable for the reason that they are not yet competent and well – equipped with the skills needed in the workplaces. In addition, most high school graduates are not yet reaching the legal age of 18. With the new curriculum, senior high school students can choose a field that they are good at and that they are interested in. As a result, they will be equipped with the skills needed for a specific job even without a college degree. At the age of 18, the age when they graduate from high school, they will be employable and competitive already. Thus, adding up to the nation’s manpower. Finally, with K- 12, Filipino graduates will be automatically recognized as professionals abroad because we are following the international education standard as practiced by all nations. There will be no need to study again and spend more money in order to qualify to their standards. With this, Filipino professionals who aspire to work abroad will not find a hard time in getting jobs in line with their chosen field and will be able to help their families more in the Philippines as well as the country’s economy with their remittances, property buying, and creation of businesses. Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international community. While this may be true, our current education system hinders us in becoming more competitive among other countries. The K- 12 education plan offers a great solution to that problem. However, it is undeniable that there seems to be problems arising as we implement the program such as lack of government budget, classrooms and school supplies as well as the teachers. But, if we focus on the long- term effect of K- 12, we can conclude that it is very beneficial to us Filipinos. Therefore, we must have the strong will in supporting K- 12 Educational Plan for the betterment of our education system and economy. Remember, if we want change in our society, we must start it with our education system. Definition of Terms Curriculum refers to the lateral integration of school-based subjects to meet the qualifications demanded by industry. South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) is a chartered international organization that aims to promote cooperation among Southeast Asian nations through education, science and culture. It operates through specialized regional centers, three of which are hosted by the Philippine government and include the Regional Center for Educational Innovation and Technology (INNOTECH). National Achievement Test (NAT) is an annual examination given to both Grade ninth and tenth students in the Philippines. The students’ knowledge and mastery over the subjects Mathematics, Science, Filipino, and Araling Panlipunan is measured using a multiple choice type test. The examination is administered by the Department of Education’s National Educational Testing and Research Center (NETRC). Trends in International Mathematics and Science study (TIMSS) provides reliable and timely data on the mathematics and science achievement of U. S. 4th- and 8th-grade students compared to that of students in other countries. Methodology Living this modern world we gather this information by conducting research through internet. We read all the articles that describe k – 12 basic educations. By the help of this modern technology we determine how and why k – 12 basic education help Filipinos to be employed and reduces poverty in our country. Summary of Findings World of K -12 K – 12 Basic Education Program is adding 2 years from K – 10 Basic. Education Program of our country. K – 12 are divided from kindergarten, elementary education (grade 1 – 6), secondary education or junior high school (grade 7 – 10 or HS year 1 – 4 ), and additional 2 years which refers to senior high school (grade 11 – 12 or HS year 5 – 6 ). After 12 years of basic education graduates of this curriculum are prepared to belong to the labor force of the Philippines. Also K – 12 graduates are recognized as professionals abroad because we are now following to the international education standard are practice by all nation. Reference Velasco P. T. (2012). A Primer on the New K-12 Philippine Education Curriculum.

Arnolfinis Marriage Essay

Arnolfinis Marriage Essay Jan van Eyck was one of the greatest and most influential Flemish painters of altarpieces and portraits of the 1400s Hayes. van Eycks paintings often include objects with hidden symbolic meaning. There are several different interpretations of the symbolic meaning concerning his portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his second bride often referred to as The Arnolfini Marriage. Marriage is a sacred union between man and woman. A wedding is one of the most important events in a womans life. Often a wedding occurs in the present of the wedding party, family members and friends. During the 1400s a wedding ceremony was performed in the privacy of the home. van Eyck was hired to paint a portrait of this marriage union. Some art historians, like Panofsky, claim that van Eyck was a witness to the Arnolfini wedding and the painting serves as documentation of their vows Kren. Jeanne de Chenany looks pregnant in her green wedding dress, this wedding was kept private because it was a secret or maybe this type of dress was very stylish during the 1400s. The bride was definitely not a virgin, because white symbolizes pureness not green. Arnolfini is holding Jeanne de Chenany hand as an expression of his love for her. This wedding was held during the daytime because you can clearly see the light through the window in the painting. The single burning candle in the chandelier was not needed to light up the room. This candle symbolizes the union candle or could even symbolize the presence of God. In the Renaissance culture, a devotional candle signified Gods all-seeing knowledge Pioch. Arnolfini and his bride are not wearing any shoes. This symbolizes the floor is considered holy ground or the sanctity of marriage Pioch. Some art historians claim the shoes do not have a symbolic meaning. Dog were considered a symbol of devotion and love so often they were included in portraits of a married couple. van Eyck painted the mirror as a reflection of the witnesses present for the wedding. Which includes van Eycks own tiny self-portrait Pioch. His signature on the painting reads Jan van Eyck was present, this has been interpreted by some historians as an indication that he served as a witness Pioch. If the Arnolfinis Marriage had taken place during the 1900s it would have been very easy for an artist to include every single detail of the wedding. Because the wedding took place during the 1400s, all we can do is assume or use our best judgment to interpret the true meaning of each symbol in the portrait. We can all at least agree van Eyck was the artist that painted this portrait. Then again some historians say his brother Hubert was the artist. Kren